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Leopold Kohr (5 October 1909 in Oberndorf bei Salzburg, Austria – 26 February 1994 in Gloucester, England) was an economist, jurist and political scientist known both for his opposition to the "cult of bigness" in social organization and as one of those who inspired the'' small is beautiful'' movement. For almost twenty years he was Professor of Economics and Public Administration at the University of Puerto Rico. He described himself as a "philosophical anarchist." His most influential work was ''The Breakdown of Nations''. ==Life and work== Kohr grew up in the small town of Oberndorf near Salzburg, and it remained his ideal of community.〔(Kirkpatrick Sale, foreword to E.P. Dutton 1978 edition of Leopold Kohr's ''Breakdown of Nations.'' )〕 He often commented on the fact that the Christmas carol "Silent Night" was written and composed as "Stille Nacht" in his home village. He earned doctorate degrees in law, at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, and political science, at the University of Vienna.〔Yates, Steven (2012-01-21) (Who Was Leopold Kohr? ), ''American Daily Herald''〕 He also studied economics and political theory at the London School of Economics.〔(Leopold Kohr Akadamie biography )〕 In 1937, Kohr became a freelance correspondent during the Spanish Civil War, where he was impressed by the limited, self-contained governments of the separatist states of Catalonia and Aragon, as well as the small Spanish anarchist city states of Alcoy and Caspe. He became a close friend of journalist George Orwell and shared offices with correspondents Ernest Hemingway and André Malraux.〔(Description of Gerald Lehner's ''The Biography of philosopher and economist Leopold Kohr.'' ) at (Kohr Academie web site ).〕 Kohr fled Austria in 1938 after it was annexed by Nazi Germany and emigrated to the United States. He later became an American citizen.〔〔〔(Dr. Leopold Kohr, 84; Backed Smaller States ), New York Times obituary, 28 February 1994.〕 Kohr taught economics and political philosophy at Rutgers University, the American state of New Jersey, from 1943 to 1955.〔 From 1955 to 1973, he was professor of Economics and Public Administration in the University of Puerto Rico, in San Juan except for a period between 1965-1966 when he was a professor of Economics at the University of the Americas in Mexico City, Mexico; during these years he developed his concepts of village renewal and traffic calming, and "lent his advice to local city planning initiatives."〔 He also advised the independence movement of the nearby island of Anguilla.〔 After many rejections by American and British publishers, Kohr's first book, ''The Breakdown of Nations'', was published in 1957 in Britain after a chance meeting with British anarchist Sir Herbert Read.〔 In 1973, Kohr moved from Puerto Rico to Wales, where he taught political philosophy at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Right Livelihood Award: Leopold Kohr )〕 The project of Welsh independence, founded on the ideal of 'cymdeithas' (community) was dear to him, and Kohr became a mentor to Plaid Cymru and a close friend of its then leader, Gwynfor Evans.〔 After retiring from teaching, Kohr divided his time between Gloucester, England, and Hellbrunn, outside Salzburg. In 1983, in Stockholm, Sweden, Kohr received the Right Livelihood Award, "for his early inspiration of the movement for a human scale."〔 In 1984, Salzburg created the Leopold Kohr Academy and (Cultural Association "Tauriska" ) to put his theories of regional autonomy into practice.〔 Kohr was planning to return to his hometown of Oberndorf to live when he died in 1994. His ashes were buried in Oberndorf.〔 Salzburg journalist Gerald Lehner completed a biography of Kohr, based in part on long audio taped interviews, in 1994.〔 Kohr was a charming conversationalist and a witty, elegant debunker of popular assumptions.〔 Author Ivan Illich describes him as "a funny bird—meek, fay, droll, and incisive", as well as "unassuming" and even "radically humble."〔(The Wisdom of Leopold Kohr ), Ivan Illich, Fourteenth Annual E. F. Schumacher Lectures, October 1994, Yale University.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leopold Kohr」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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